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"was a town located in Minamisaku District, Nagano Prefecture, Japan. It is the farthest point in the country away from the sea, although the nearby town of Saku claims to hold this distinction as well. As of 2003, the town has an estimated population of 15,731 and a density of 189.05 persons per km². The total area is 83.21 km². History *c. 1875 The village of Yuhara absorbed the village of Yuharashinden in Saku District. *August 2, 1876 The villages of Tanokuchi and Kaminakagomi merged into the village of Taguchi. *c. 1879 Minamisaku District government enforced. The villages of Usuda, Shimootagiri, Katsuma, Kamiotagiri, Nakaotagiri, Nakaotagirishinden, Yuhara, Mibun, Shimogoe, Taguchi, Irisawa and Hirabayashi belongs to Minamisaku District. *April 1, 1889 The city, town, and village status enforced. The village of Usuda absorbed the villages of Shimootagiri and Katsuma. The villages of Kamiotagiri, Nakaotagiri, Nakaotagirishinden and Yuhara merged to form the village of Kirihara. The village of Taguchi absorbed the villages of Mibun and Shimogoe, and the former village of Kiyokawa in the village of Tokiwa. The villages of Irisawa and Hirabayashi merged to form the village of Aonuma. *June 30, 1951 The village of Usuda gained town status. *August 1, 1955 The town of Usuda absorbed the village of Kirihara. *September 30, 1956 The villages of Taguchi and Aonuma merged to form the village of Taguchiaonuma. *April 1, 1957 The town of Usuda absorbed the village of Taguchiaonuma. *April 1, 1959 Sohara, Haguroshita and Hirabayashi area from the former village of Taguchiaonuma broke off and went to the town of Saku. * April 1, 2005, Usuda, along with the town of Mochizuki, and the village of Asashina (both from Kitasaku District), was merged into the expanded city of Saku. Town of star shine * The people of Usuda declare Usuda to be "town of star shine" in 1995. There are some notable spots connected with stars, for example, Usuda Deep Space Center, Usuda Star Dome, Cosmo Tower, and Tatsuoka Castle Site (a star fort). File:Cosmo Tower.jpgCosmo Tower File:Tatsuoka Castle 1975.jpgTatsuoka Castle Site External links * Dissolved municipalities of Nagano Prefecture Saku, Nagano "
"Location of Saku in Nagano Prefecture Sakuho Town was a town located in Minamisaku District, Nagano Prefecture, Japan. On March 20, 2005, Saku, along with the village of Yachiho (also from Minamisaku District), was merged to create the town of Sakuho. As of January 1, 2004, the town had an estimated population of 8,663. The total area was 122.11 km². External links * Town of Saku (Archive) Dissolved municipalities of Nagano Prefecture Sakuho, Nagano "
"Exemplar in Kruger National Park, South Africa The common bulbul (Pycnonotus barbatus) is a member of the bulbul family of passerine birds. It is found in north-eastern, northern, western and central Africa. Taxonomy and systematics The common bulbul was originally described in the genus Turdus. Some authorities treat the Somali, Dodson's and dark-capped bulbul as subspecies of the common bulbul. The common bulbul is considered to belong to a superspecies along with the Himalayan bulbul, white-eared bulbul, white- spectacled bulbul, African red-eyed bulbul, and the Cape bulbul. Alternate names for the common bulbul include the black-eyed bulbul, brown bulbul (also used for the Asian red-eyed bulbul), brown-capped geelgat, common garden bulbul, garden bulbul and white-vented bulbul as well as one name used for another species (yellow-vented bulbul). =Subspecies= Five subspecies are recognized: * P. b. barbatus – (Desfontaines, 1789): Alternate names for the nominate race include Barbary bulbul and North-west African garden bulbul. Found from Morocco to Tunisia * Upper Guinea bulbul (P. b. inornatus) – (Fraser, 1843): Originally described as a separate species in the genus Ixos. Found from southern Mauritania and Senegal to western Chad and northern Cameroon * Gabon bulbul (P. b. gabonensis) – Sharpe, 1871: Originally described as a separate species. Found from central Nigeria and central Cameroon to Gabon and southern Congo * Egyptian bulbul (P. b. arsinoe) – (Lichtenstein, MHK, 1823): Originally described as a separate species in the genus Turdus. Alternately named the Sahel garden bulbul. Found in eastern Chad, northern and central Sudan and eastern Egypt * Abyssinian bulbul (P. b. schoanus) – Neumann, 1905: Not to be confused with an alternate name for the Somali bulbul. Found in south-eastern Sudan, western, central and eastern Ethiopia, Eritrea Description The bill is fairly short and thin, with a slightly downcurving upper mandible. The bill, legs, and feet are black and the eye is dark brown with a dark eye-ring, which is not readily visible. It is about 18 cm in length, with a long tail. It has a dark brown head and upperparts. Sexes are similar in plumage. Distribution and habitat Eggs of Pycnonotus barbatus inornatus MHNT It is a common resident breeder in much of Africa, and it has recently been found breeding in southern Spain at Tarifa. It is found in woodland, coastal bush, forest edges, riverine bush, montane scrub, and in mixed farming habitats. It is also found in exotic thickets, gardens, and parks. Behaviour and ecology The common bulbul is usually seen in pairs or small groups. It is a conspicuous bird, which tends to sit at the top of a bush. As with other bulbuls they are active and noisy birds. The flight is bouncing and woodpecker-like. The call is a loud doctor-quick doctor-quick be-quick be-quick. =Breeding= This species nests throughout the year in the moist tropics, elsewhere it is a more seasonal breeder with a peak in breeding coinciding with the onset of the rainy season. The nest is fairly rigid, thick walled, and cup-shaped. It is situated inside the leafy foliage of a small tree or shrub. Two or three eggs is a typical clutch. It, like other bulbuls, is parasitised by the Jacobin cuckoo. =Feeding= This species eats fruit, nectar, seeds and insects. References * Birds of The Gambia by Barlow, Wacher and Disley, * https://web.archive.org/web/20110910171530/http://www.birdlife.org.za/fieldguide/book/species_info.php?id=192 External links * Common Bulbul videos, photos & sounds on the Internet Bird Collection * Common Bulbul on avibase * Common Bulbul on IBC common bulbul Birds of Africa common bulbul common bulbul Birds of East Africa "