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"The Middle Atlantic coastal forests are a temperate coniferous forest mixed with patches of evergreen broadleaved forests (closer to the Atlantic coast) along the coast of the southeastern United States. Setting The Middle Atlantic coastal forests stretch along the Southern Atlantic coast of the United States from extreme Southern New Jersey south to the Georgia coast. They cover the lower Atlantic coastal plain and are bordered on the west by the Southeastern mixed forests. The habitats of the ecoregion are constantly modified by natural processes. The bottomlands, coastal plains, and maritime areas are vulnerable to tropical cyclones and floods. The drier areas with porous sandy soils are susceptible to fires and drought. Fire return intervals of 1 to 3 years favor herbaceous plants; longer intervals favor dense shrubs, to broadleaved evergreen trees. Climate This ecoregion has a humid subtropical climate with hot summers and mild winters, and with the heaviest precipitation concentrated in the warmest months. Flora Two basic types of forests are found in this region; 1) Southern mixed hickory-pine-oak forests that see frequent fire with sandy soils, and 2) isolated patches of evergreen broadleaved forests and "hammocks" close to the Atlantic coastline in the southernmost areas in coastal South Carolina and coastal Georgia. The mixed pine-oak forests occur on dry or sandy soils or in areas exposed to occasional fires. Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris), superbly adapted to fire-prone environments, was the principal tree in many of these forests; however, extensive logging and human development have reduced this trees occurrence to less than 5% of its former range. Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) and shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata) grow in sandy soils and are still dominant in this ecosystem. Loblolly is widely planted on millions of acres of plantation forest's across the southeastern US. On moist soils or where fires are infrequent, hardwoods overtake the pines. These hardwoods include turkey oak (Quercus laevis), post oak (Quercus stellata), myrtle oak (Quercus myrtifolia), Spanish oak (Quercus falcata), and southern catalpa (Catalpa bignonioides). Evergreen broadleaved forests occur close to the coast in localized areas as either evergreen Maritime oak forests or as more localized evergreen hammocks(geographically induced forest islands) (Box 1985). These forests consist of evergreen broadleaved canopy trees, such as Magnolia grandiflora, Magnolia virginiana, Persea borbonia, Gordonia lasianthus, Sabal, and several evergreen oaks such as Quercus myrtifolia, and the iconic Quercus virginiana or southern Live Oak often covered with Spanish moss (Tillandsia usneoides). The understory is also often evergreen in these forests, with Myrica cerifera and Osmanthus americanus very common, while several evergreen species of Ericaceae, Ilex, and scrub palms (Sabal minor and Serenoa) are common on more moist sites. In the open areas near sandy beaches and coastal areas, large endemic populations of Yucca and cactus (Opuntia) thrive in the hot sun and sandy soils. The Middle Atlantic coastal forests contain the most diverse assemblage of freshwater wetland communities in North America. These include freshwater marshes, shrub bogs, white cedar swamps, bayheads, and wet hammocks. The bottomland hardwood forests for which the ecoregion is famous are dominated by bald cypress (Taxodium distichum) and swamp tupelo (Nyssa sylvatica var. biflora). Bald cypress swamps are often dominated by their namesake tree, and are too wet for foot travel. Many uncommon orchids grow among the baldcypress branches. Swamp tupelo, along with water tupelo (Nyssa aquatica), dominate mixed-hardwood swamp forests. These grow aside water- adapted oaks that include water oak (Quercus nigra), swamp chestnut oak (Quercus michauxii), cherrybark oak (Quercus pagoda), willow oak (Quercus phellos), and overcup oak (Quercus lyrata). Swamp hickory (Carya glabra) and water hickory (Carya aquatica) are also found here. Pawpaw (Asimina triloba) grows in the understory. Atlantic white cedar (Chamaecyparis thyoides) swamps occur along blackwater rivers. Pocosins are flat and damp, sandy, or peaty areas far from streams. They have scattered pond pine (Pinus serotina) and a dense growth of mostly evergreen shrubs including gallberry (Ilex glabra). Barrier islands along the coast protect extensive estuaries, lagoons, and sounds. Carolina bays are a unique habitat of the ecoregion. Fauna The nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) is a distinctive animal that lives in this ecoregion. The Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana) is abundant. In the mixed pine-oak forests, the brown-headed nuthatch (Sitta pusilla) feeds on pine seeds. The yellow-throated warbler (Dendroica dominica) is widely distributed. The northern parula warbler (Parula americana) and the eastern bluebird (Sialia sialis) are also found here. The Bachman sparrow (Aimophila aestivalis) and red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis), both uncommon, also live in this ecoregion. The bottomland forests support abundant arthropods, produce mast that sustains migratory birds during the winter, and produce boles, branch cavities, and rotting logs that support various detritivores and hole-nesting species. In the extreme southeast regions (coastal southeast North Carolina south to Georgia) the large American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) can be found along tidal inlets and marsh areas. Contemporary land use The main causes of habitat conversion are agriculture, fire suppression, urbanization, coastal development, ditching and draining of wetlands, and damming of rivers. The western part of the ecoregion has been most altered. There, the upland vegetation has been nearly completely converted. Long-leaf pine (Pinus palustris) savannas have nearly disappeared. The least altered habitats in the ecoregion are the coastal marshes and deep peatlands. Remaining intact habitat * Francis Marion National Forest * Brunswick County Pinelands * Holly Shelter Gamelands * Croatan National Forest * Congaree National Park * Outer Banks * Pamlimarle Peninsula * Prime Hook National Wildlife Refuge in Southern Delaware * Roanoke River in southwestern Virginia * Sandhills Gameland in northeastern South Carolina * Sandhill National Wildlife Refuge * Great Dismal Swamp * Great Cypress Swamp on the Delmarva Peninsula * Assateague Island * Virginia Coast Reserve * Cape Romain * Fort Bragg * Fort Jackson (South Carolina) * Fort Stewart * Cape May National Wildlife Refuge in Southeastern New Jersey References Ecoregions of the United States Temperate coniferous forests Nearctic ecoregions "
"HMS Mohawk was an torpedo cruiser of the Royal Navy, built by J. & G. Thompson at Glasgow and launched on 6 February 1886.Bastock, p.108. Her first service was on the Cape Station between 1890 and 1892. In 1893, Mohawk was serving on the North America and West Indies Station when civil disorder broke out on the island of Dominica. A party of Marines and sailors were landed to assist the local police in stopping the rioting. Four rioters were killed and several injured on both sides, including the commanding officer of Mohawk, Commander Edward Henry Bayley, before order was restored.Clowes p. 413. Mohawk commenced service on the Australia Station in December 1897. During the Boxer Rebellion in China, she escorted the New South Wales Naval Brigade to Peking before commencing service on the China Station. On 24 April 1901 she was paid off into the Fleet Reserve at Chatham. Recommissioned, an operational tour in the Mediterranean commenced in 1903. In April 1904 she saw service during the Somaliland Campaign, including supplying men for the landing party that stormed and captured the forts at Illig."The capture of the forts at Illig from the Mad Mullah, 21 April 1904", Paul G Lane. Orders & Medals Research Society Journal (Volume 59, number 2) June 2020. pp 152-156. She returned to England in 1905 and on 4 April was sold to Garnham for £4,850 for breaking up at Chatham. Commanding officers * Commander F. H. P. W. Freeman – until April 1901 * Commander (later Admiral) Richard Phillimore – during the 1904 Somaliland campaign Citations References *Bastock, John (1988), Ships on the Australia Station, Child & Associates Publishing Pty Ltd; Frenchs Forest, Australia. * 1886 ships Ships built on the River Clyde Archer-class cruisers Victorian-era naval ships of the United Kingdom "
"SAKHR Software Company (صخر) Sakhr Software Company () is an Arabic language technology company based in Kuwait. It deals with products for the Middle East in e-governance, education, wireless, and security. The Company currently has 200 employees worldwide. Its research and engineering activities are in Silicon Valley and Egypt, with sales offices in the U.S. (Washington, DC and California), Kuwait, UAE (Dubai and Abu Dhabi), Oman, Egypt and Saudi Arabia. History Sakhr was founded in 1982 by Mohammed AlSharekh after branching out of his computer hardware company Alamiah Electronics by producing Arabic versions of the MSX computers. After nearly three decades in the industry and more than US$100 million investments, it now leads the field in Arabic language machine translation, OCR, speech recognition, speech synthesis, search, and localization. In 1990, following the first events of the Gulf War, Sakhr relocated to Heliopolis, Cairo. After the relocation, the company changed its approach by terminating all computer manufacturing projects to focus exclusively on developing software products."الشارخ" التكنولوجي العربي الذي لا يعرفه أحد CNBC Arabia The Internet in the Middle East: Global Expectations And Local Imaginations In Kuwait, page 44 Sakhr provided Arabic language localization services to the Saudi's Ministry of EducationAl-Alamiah Electronics awarded major contract by the Saudi Ministry of Education albawaba, Egypt's Ministry of CommerceSakhr: Making Arabic e-gov a reality albawaba, Oman's Ministry of EducationSakhr Software in final stages of completion for Oman’s biggest E-Government educational portal project albawabaصخر تضع اللمسات النهائية للبوابة التعليمية في سلطنة عمان Alriyadh, and the Dubai Chamber of Commerce and Industry.Dubai Chamber of Commerce and Industry Chooses Sakhr Electronic Document Management System albawaba Dial Directions In 2009, Sakhr acquired Dial Directions, Inc., a U.S. Silicon Valley software company providing language applications for mobile cloud- computing environments, including wireless carriers, telematics, and “smartphones” such as the Apple iPhone to enhance its market position in the emerging mobile application & cloud computing market. Awards Sakhr software has won the following International awards: * eContent Award – Arabic Language Buddy for smart phones (2010) * Oman Portal – Arab Web Awards (2010) * World Summit Award – (Screen reader for the blind) (2007) * World Summit Award – Best e-content (Web Content Translation Engine – Tarjim) (2005) * Arabian Business E-Achievement Award E-Visionary of the Year (2002) * Internet Shopper (T4S International Group): Best Arabic Language Supported Site (GITEX Cairo 2000) * Damtex Middle East Group: Best Arabic Application Development Company (1999) See also *Sakhr Computers *Arabic machine translation References ;Notes * Sakhr Software – Arabic Language Technology * #1 in Arabic Translation by U.S. Government metrics * Arabic language app walks the talk – Government Computer News * Etisalat inks deal to bring internet to the blind * Getting smart on wireless in the classroom * The Latest App: Smartphone Interpreters * Speech Recognition iPhone App Translates Arabic On the Fly * Merger Could Bring Major Tool To Military: Arabic-English Translation Via Cell Phone External links * Arabic Machine Translation 1982 establishments in Kuwait Companies established in 1982 Software companies of Kuwait Kuwaiti brands MSX "