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"Citizen's Party () was a former Turkish political party. The founder of the party was Vural Arıkan who was the Minister of Finance during the 45th government of Turkey between 13 December 1983 - 26 October 1984. Following interparty strife, he resigned from the Motherland Party on 17 May 1985 Türkiye'nin 75 Yılı, Tempo Yayıncılık, p. 328, 335 and founded the Citizen's Party on 18 March 1986. There were only two MPs in the party; Vural Arıkan (İstanbul deputy) and his sister Turkan Arıkan (Edirne deputy) İlter Ertuğrul: Cumhuriyet Tarihi, , p. 150 After the defeat in the 1986 by-elections however, the party dissolved itself on 3 December 1986. References Category:Political parties established in 1986 Category:Defunct political parties in Turkey Category:Political parties disestablished in 1986 Category:1986 establishments in Turkey Category:1986 disestablishments in Turkey "
"VinFast (formerly GM Vietnam) is a LLC private automotive startup manufacturer headquartered in Vietnam, a member of Vingroup History Key people of VinFast in Paris, 2018 (from left to right): James DeLuca (general director VinFast), Lê Thị Thu Thủy (VP Vingroup), David Lyon (design director), David Beckham (brand ambassador). The company was founded in 2017 by Vingroup. The company designed its models with the help of Pininfarina, BMW and Magna Steyr and participated in the 2018 Paris Motor Show. VinFast claims it will be the first volume automotive manufacturer in Vietnam as well as the first Vietnamese automaker to participate in a major international auto show. VinFast broke ground in September 2017 on an 828-acre facility in an industrial park located on Cat Hai Island near the city of Hai Phong. The investment is US $1.5 billion in the first phase of a program to make cars and electric motobikes at a greenfield factory on the facilities. The company claimed that it has aggregated talent from multiple established companies and is sourcing European design, engineering, and production technology partners. The first two vehicles that were shown at Paris motorshow in the fall of 2018 are the LUX SA2.0 and the LUX A2.0, designed by Pininfarina. Additionally, General Motors recently announced a partnership between Chevrolet and VinFast. VinFast will have exclusive rights to distribute Chevys in Vietnam and will take ownership of the existing General Motors (GM Korea) factory in Hanoi (VIDAMCO). That factory will then build a GM-licensed “all-new global small car” to be sold under the VinFast name. VinFast signed two contracts with Siemens Vietnam, a unit of Siemens AG, for the supply of technology and components to manufacture electric buses in the Southeast Asian countries. For the 2020 Vietnamese Grand Prix, VinFast will be the title sponsor. It was announced on December 2019 that VinFast plans to market electric vehicles to the United States by 2021. In February 2020, ex-Holden engineers are being recruited by VinFast in Port Melbourne, making Australia the first overseas country to have a VF branch after the company moved in December 2019. The branch is known as VinFast Engineering Australia, staffed by ex-Ford, Holden and Toyota employees. In Q1 2020, VinFast was already the fifth best selling car brand in Vietnam. =Etymology= The name VinFast is an abbreviation of Vietnamese words: * Việt Nam (Vietnam) * Phong cách (Style, Ph=F) * An toàn (Safety) * Sáng tạo (Creativeness) *Tiên phong (Pioneer) Products = Automobiles = VinFast announced their first two models, the LUX A2.0 and the LUX SA2.0, at the 2018 Paris Motor Show. Both models are based on previous generation BMW products with various changes and enhancements, including the extensive redesign of the chassis to meet future international safety standards. Both will come in rear-wheel drive and all wheel drive, and both will be powered by the licensed BMW N20 turbocharged petrol engine in 175bhp and 227bhp options. Comprehensive reliability and safety testings have been completed. Production of both models started in 2019. LUX A2.0 The LUX A2.0 is an executive sedan, based on the F10 BMW 5 Series. File:Vinfast Lux A 2.0, Paris Motor Show 2018, IMG 0674.jpgFront of Vinfast Lux A2.0 File:Paris Motor Show 2018, Paris (1Y7A0963).jpgBack of Vinfast Lux A2.0 File:Vinfast Lux A 2.0, Paris Motor Show 2018, IMG 0373.jpgInside Vinfast Lux A2.0 LUX SA2.0 The LUX SA2.0 is a mid-size luxury Crossover, based on the F15 BMW X5. File:Vinfast Lux SA 2.0, Paris Motor Show 2018, IMG 0671.jpgFront of Vinfast Lux SA2.0 File:Paris Motor Show 2018, Paris (1Y7A1558).jpgBack of Vinfast Lux SA2.0 File:Vinfast Lux SA 2.0, Paris Motor Show 2018, IMG 0371.jpgInside Vinfast Lux SA2.0 President The VinFast President was unveiled in September 2020. It is a V8 version of the LUX SA2.0, selling as a 500 unit limited-edition, at a price of VND 4.6 billion and featuring additional luxury features over the model it is based on. File:Newone - Black VinFast President 03.jpgVinFast President Fadil The Fadil is a city car which was presented to the public later. It is based on the Opel Karl. It will be priced under 500 million VND (21,500 USD). The first Fadils from regular production were finished on June 14, 2019, delivery to the first pre-order customers took place on June 17. The price of the Fadil in Vietnam is (). File:Newone - VinFast Fadil white.jpgFadil File:Newone - VinFast Fadil tire by Continental.jpgVinFast Fadil tire by Continental AG = Electric motorbike = VinFast has planned to produce seven different electric motorcycle models by 2019. It has signed agreements with state owned petrol distributor PV Oil to have charging stations built at existing gas stations. Klara Klara is a brand name for VinFast's first electric motorcycle model launched in November 2018. It has a range of and a maximum speed of . VinFast signed an agreement with Bosch for the supply of components. The batteries are supplied by a joint venture with LG Chem. Two versions of the Klara are sold, featuring lead acid and lithium ion batteries respectively. The Klara features 3G and bluetooth connectivity to allow remote lock and unlock and tracking. File:Newone - VinFast Klara cream.jpgCream VinFast Klara File:Newone - VinFast Klara Times City.jpgShowroom VinFast Klara at Times City File:Newone - VinFast lithium-ion battery for Klara scooter by Bosch.jpgVinFast lithium-ion battery for Klara scooter by Bosch Ludo File:Newone - VinFast Ludo Blue.jpg File:Newone - VinFast Ludo red.jpg Impes File:Newone - VinFast IMPES blue 01.jpg File:Newone - VinFast IMPES blue 02.jpg File:Newone - VinFast IMPES blue 03.jpg Klara S File:Newone - VinFast Klara S 02.jpg File:Newone - VinFast Klara S 04.jpg File:Newone - VinFast Klara S 06.jpg File:Newone - VinFast Klara S 07.jpg File:Newone - VinFast Klara S 08.jpg File:Newone - VinFast Klara S 09.jpg Production facilities A greenfield factory is under construction at Cat Hai Island, Hai Phong. In 2017, VinFast also acquired GM Vietnam's Hanoi factory (VIDAMCO). In September 2020, VinFast purchased the Lang Lang Proving Ground in Australia from General Motors.Holden’s Lang Lang proving grounds sold to Vietnamese start-up VinFast, GMSV to continue testing on site The West Australian September 9, 2020 See also * Vinaxuki References External links * Category:Vietnamese brands Category:Companies based in Hanoi Category:Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 2017 Category:Car brands Category:Luxury motor vehicle manufacturers Category:Electric motorcycles Category:Vingroup Category:Electric vehicle manufacturers of Vietnam Category:Car manufacturers of Vietnam Category:Bus manufacturers of Vietnam Category:Electric bus manufacturers "
"Avola is a city and comune in the province of Syracuse, Sicily. Avola may also refer to: * Ribolla Gialla, also known as Avola, an Italian/Slovenian wine grape * Avola, British Columbia, an unincorporated community in the Canadian province of British Columbia * Giorgio Avola (born 1989), Italian fencer * Nero d'Avola, a red wine grape in Sicily "