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"Peroxymonosulfuric acid, (H2SO5), also known as persulfuric acid, peroxysulfuric acid, or Caro's acid. In this acid, the S(VI) center adopts its characteristic tetrahedral geometry; the connectivity is indicated by the formula HO–O–S(O)2–OH. It is one of the strongest oxidants known (E0 = +2.51 V) and is highly explosive. H2SO5 is sometimes confused with H2S2O8, known as peroxydisulfuric acid. The disulfuric acid, which appears to be more widely used as its alkali metal salts, has the structure HO–S(O)2–O–O–S(O)2–OH. History H2SO5 was first described in 1898 by Heinrich Caro, after whom it is named. Synthesis and production The laboratory scale preparation of Caro's acid involves the combination of chlorosulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide. ::H2O2 \+ ClSO2OH ⇌ H2SO5 \+ HCl Published patents include more than one reaction for preparation of Caro's acid, usually as an intermediate for the production of potassium monopersulfate (PMPS), a bleaching and oxidizing agent. One patent for production of Caro's acid for this purpose gives the following reaction: ::H2O2 \+ H2SO4 ⇌ H2SO5 \+ H2O Uses in industry H2SO5 has been used for a variety of disinfectant and cleaning applications, e.g., swimming pool treatment and denture cleaning. Alkali metal salts of H2SO5 show promise for the delignification of wood. It is also used in laboratories as a last resort in removing organic materials since H2SO5 can fully oxidize any organic materials. Ammonium, sodium, and potassium salts of H2SO5 are used in the plastic industry as polymerization initiators, etchants, desizing agents, soil conditioner, and for decolorizing and deodorizing oils. Potassium peroxymonosulfate, KHSO5, is the potassium acid salt of peroxymonosulfuric acid. It is widely used as an oxidizing agent. Hazards Pure Caro's acid is highly explosive. Explosions have been reported at Brown University and Sun Oil. As with all strong oxidizing agents, peroxysulfuric acid should be kept away from organic compounds such as ethers and ketones because of its ability to peroxidize these compounds, creating highly unstable molecules such as acetone peroxide. See also * Peroxydisulfuric acid * Peroxomonosulfate References Category:Hydrogen compounds Category:Sulfur oxoacids Category:Liquid explosives Category:Persulfates Category:Peroxy acids Category:Oxidizing agents Category:Explosive chemicals "
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"1744 map showing Oettingen (coloured) with Oettingen-Wallerstein in the middle west (orange-yellow) Arms of the House of Oettingen Oettingen-Wallerstein is a noble family related to a former County in modern-day eastern Baden- Württemberg and western Bavaria, Germany. The other formerly sovereign branch of the Oettingen family is the House of Oettingen-Spielberg. History The Oettingen family was first mentioned in 1147 with Ludovicus comes de Otingen, a relative of the Imperial House of Hohenstaufen who was granted the county surrounding the Imperial city of Nördlingen as a fief. Oettingen-Wallerstein was twice created; first as a partition of Oettingen (modern day town of Oettingen in Bayern) in 1423 which became extinct in 1486 and was inherited by Oettingen-Oettingen, and the second time as a partition of Oettingen-Oettingen in 1557. Oettingen-Oettingen suffered one partition, between itself and Oettingen-Spielberg in 1602. It was raised to a Principality in 1774, mediatised to the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1806, and divided with the Kingdom of Württemberg in 1810. At this time, the Principality had a territory of 850 km² with 60.000 inhabitants. Counts of Oettingen-Wallerstein (1423-1486) * Friedrich III, Count of Oettingen (d 1423) Wilhelm I, Count of Oettingen- Oettingen (d 1467) * Wolfgang I, Count of Oettingen (1455-1522) Ludwig XV, Count of Oettingen (1486-1557), his sons include Ludwig XVI, Wolfgang II, and Friedrich VIII (below) John I the Solemn, Count 1423–1449 (ca 1415-1449) * Ludwig XIII, Count 1449–1486 (ca 1440-1486) Extinct. Inherited by Oettingen-Oettingen Counts of Oettingen-Wallerstein (1557-1774) * Friedrich VIII, Count 1557-1579 (1516-1579) Wilhelm II, Count 1579–1602 (1544-1602) * Count Wolfgang III (1573-1598) Ernst II, Count 1602-1670 (1594-1670) * Wilhelm IV, Count 1670-1692 (1627-1692) * Wolfgang IV, Count 1692-1708 (1629-1708) Franz Ignaz, Count 1708-1728 (1672-1728) * Count Philipp Karl (1640-1680) Anton Karl, Count 1728–1738 (1679-1738) * Johann Karl Friedrich, Count 1738-1744 (1715–1744) Maximilian Ignaz Philipp, Count 1744-1745 (1743–1745) * Philipp Karl, Count 1745–1766 (1722-1766) Kraft Ernst, Count 1766-1774 (1748-1802), created Reichsfürst zu Oettingen-Oettingen und Oettingen- Wallerstein 14.4.1774 Princes of Oettingen-Wallerstein (sovereign from 1774, mediatized in 1806) Princely arms of the family * Kraft Ernst, 1st Prince 1774-1802 (1748-1802) Ludwig Kraft, 2nd Prince 1802–1823 (1791-1870), renounced his rights to marry morganatically Friedrich Kraft, 3rd Prince 1823-1842 (1793–1842) * Karl Friedrich I, 4th Prince 1842–1905 (1840-1905) Karl Friedrich II, 5th Prince 1905–1930 (1877-1930) Eugen, 6th Prince 1930–1969 (1885-1969), politician * Karl Friedrich III, 7th Prince 1969–1991 (1917-1991) Moritz, 8th Prince 1991–present (born 1946) * Karl Eugen, Hereditary Prince of Oettingen-Oettingen and Oettingen- Wallerstein (born 1970) Princess Helena (born 1995) Prince Johannes (born 1998) Prince Eugen (born 2004) * Prince Ludwig- Maximilian (born 1972) Prince Felix (born 2003) Prince Dominik (born 2007) * Prince Friedrich-Alexander (born 1978) Prince Kraft Ernst (born 1951) * Prince Philipp-Karl (born 1983) * Prince Leopold-Ludwig (born 1987) Other members * Irmengard of Oettingen, Countess Palatine of the Rhine (c. 1304-1389) * Elisabeth of Oettingen, Landgravine of Leuchtenberg (c. 1360-1406) * Wolfgang I of Oettingen, Count of Oettingen-Oettingen (1455-1522) * Maria Magdalena of Oettingen-Baldern, Margravine of Baden-Baden (1619-1688) * Maria Dorothea Sophia of Oettingen- Oettingen (1639-1698), second wife of Eberhard III, Duke of Württemberg * Princess Christine Louise of Oettingen-Oettingen (1671-1747), wife of Louis Rudolph, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg * Maria Anna of Oettingen-Spielberg (1693-1729), wife of Joseph Johann Adam, Prince of Liechtenstein Castles The following castles are still owned by the Princes of Oettingen-Spielberg (Oettingen Castle) and Oettingen-Wallerstein (others): Oettingen Schloss 1.JPGOettingen Wallerstein Schloss.jpgWallerstein Schloss Baldern 140707.jpgBaldern (near Bopfingen) Schloss Hohenaltheim Südseite.JPGHohenaltheim Burg Harburg 001.jpgHarburg Dornstadt Schloss Hirschbrunn 166.JPGHirschbrunn References Further reading *Fürstlich Oettingen-Wallerstein'sche Bibliothek (1985) Oettingen-Wallerstein'sche Musiksammlung. München: K. G. Saur (reproduced on 3819 microfiches) External links * Website of the Prince of Oettingen-Wallerstein * European Heraldry page genealogie-mittelalter.de Category:1420s establishments in the Holy Roman Empire Category:1423 establishments in Europe Oettingen-Wallerstein "